EXERCISES

EXERCISES

Answer the question with the correct answer by choosing a, b, c, or d!

1.         Being learnt Math, she turned off the TV. The underlined words means…

       a.     Because she was learning Math

       b.    After she was learning Math

       c.    While she was learning Math

       d.    When she was learning Math

2.         The athlete carrying the ball is Miroslav Klose. The underlined words means…

       a.     The athlete whom is carrying the ball

       b.    The athlete whose is carrying the ball

       c.     The athlete who is carrying the ball

       d.    The athlete which is carrying the ball

3.         Waiting for the bus, Rina read newspaper. The underlined words means…

       a.     After Rina was waiting for the bus

       b.    While Rina was waiting for the bus

       c.     Because Rina was waiting for the bus

       d.    Since Rina was waiting for the bus

4.         Consuming a preserved food, Deby becomes fat. The underlined word means…

       a.     After Deby had consumed

       b.    When Deby consumes

       c.     While Deby is consuming

       d.    Because Deby consumes

5.         The … city hasn’t been found.

       a.     Lose

       b.    Loses

       c.     lost

       d.    losing

6.         … her mistake, the stewardess immediately apologized to the passenger.

       a.     Realized

       b.    Realizing

       c.     In realizing

       d.    She realized

7.         I just saw an extremely … golden retriever.

        a.     well train

        b.    well trains

        c.     well trained

        d.    well training

8.         The teacher asked me … Niels Bohr was.

 a.    who

 b.    whom

 c.     whose

 d.    which

9.         The worker is afraid … he will get fired.

        a.     this

        b.    these

        c.     that

        d.    those

10.     Do you know my book? I bought it last week.

       a.     Do you know my book where I bought last week.

       b.    Do you know my book which I bought last week.

       c.     Do you know my book who I bought last week.

       d.    Do you know my book when I bought last week.

Turn these sentences into participle form!

11.     After I had eaten, I studied English.

12.     After I had been told  about what happened, I knew that it’s not her mistake.

Fill the blank with the correct order!

13.     Wendy ... I saw steal a wallet is a thief.

14.     He said he was happy ... he was.

15.     The house ... belongs to Amri is beautiful.

Mention the kind of the clause below!

16.     Mr. Yanu who works at PT. Marga  is my father.

17.     What they always do in the classroom or lab is unacceptable.

18.     Since I liked him so much, I couldn’t feel anger against him.

Combine the two sentences into a sentence!

19.     Solo is a town. I studied there in 1990.

20.     Phone her now. That is what you have to do now.

Phrases and Clauses

PHRASES AND CLAUSES

A.    PHRASES

A phrase is a group of words that does not have a subject, verb combination and does not form a predicate. It does not have a subject or predicate but it can contain a noun or a verb. A phrase can never stand alone as a sentence.

In a sentence, the functions of a phrase is as a noun, verb, adverb, adjective or preposition. The function of a phrase depends on its construction. Based on their function and construction, phrases devided into; noun phrase, verb phrase, adverb phrase, adjective phrase, and prepositional phrase.

1.    Noun Phrase

A noun phrase consists of a noun as the main word and other words (usually modifiers and determiners) which come after or before the noun. The whole phrase works as a noun or pronoun in a sentence.

Examples:

The people in the bus escaped through the emergency exit.

They are testing some new equipment.

Many of us consider her the best candidate.

He can finish all these other works.

2.    Verb Phrase

A verb phrase can consist of main verb, its auxiliaries, its complements and other modifiers.

Examples:

He plays football every day.

They are my students.

The shop has closed for the day.

We were waiting for you in the lobby.

3.    Adverb Phrase

An adverb phrase consists of adverbs or other words (preposition, noun, verb, modifiers) that make a group with works like an adverb in a sentence. It functions like an adverb to modify a verb, an adjective or another adverb. A prepositional phrase can also act as an adverb phrase.

Examples:

I entirely agree with you.

He sat in a corner of the room.

The description was remarkably accurate.

Certainly, we should be grateful

4.    Adjective Phrase

An adjective phrase consists of adjectives, modifier and any word that modifies a noun or pronoun. An adjective phrase functions like an adjective to modify (or tell about) a noun or a pronoun in a sentence.

Examples:

Mary likes children.

Tom is afraid that no one will believe him.

He was a tall man, dressed in a blue suit.

The photographs were quite professional.

5.    Prepositional Phrase

A prepositional phrase consists of a preposition, object of preposition (noun or pronoun) and may also consist of other modifiers. In a sentence, the functions of a prepositional phrase is as an adjective or adverb.

Examples:

I am the person that you are waiting for.

The picture is worth looking at.

After the storm, the sky brightened.

I took several courses in history.

B.     CLAUSES

A clause is a group of words that can act as a sentence, but is not necessarily a complete sentence on its own. All clauses contain both a subject and a predicate, which always contains a verb. Some clauses can stand alone as a complete sentence, others cannot.

Based on their stand capability, clauses devided into:

1.    Independent Clause

It is the clause that can stand by itself, and form a complete sentence with punctuation.

Examples:

I met the boy who had helped me.

The teacher asked a question but no one answered.

2.    Dependent Clauses

It is the clause that can't stand independently by itself and become a complete sentence with subordinate conjunction. Instead, the dependent clause is dependent upon another clause, it can't make a complete sentence by itself.

Examples:

I met the boy who had helped me.

The teacher asked a question but no one answered.

Based on their function in a sentence, subordinate clauses can be divided in to following types:

1)   Noun Clause

A noun clause is a dependent clause that functions as a noun in a sentence. A noun clause works as a noun that acts as a subject, object, or predicate in a sentence. A noun clause starts with words “that, what, whatever, who, whom, whoever, whomever”.

Examples:

What he did made us laugh.

I know that you will pass the examination.

2)   Adjective Clause

An adjective clause is a dependent clause that functions as an adjective in a sentence. The function of an adjective is to modify (describe) a noun or a pronoun.

Examples:

The medicines which is in that box is mine.

The gift that you gave to me is really nice.

3)   Adverbial Clause

An adverbial clause is a dependent clause that functions as an adverb in a sentence. An adverb clause like an adverb modifies a verb, adjective clause or other adverb clause in a sentence.

The subordinating conjunctions used for adverb clauses are as follows:

Time                       : when, whenever, since, until, before, after, while, as, by the time, as soon as

Cause and effect    : because, since, now that, as long as, so, so that,

Contrast                 : although, even, whereas, while, though

Condition               : if, unless, only if, whether or not, even if, providing or provided that, in case

Examples:

I will go before he comes.

She will go home only if you pick her up.

Note:

The way to distinguish between a Phrase and a Clause is;

-        if there is a noun but no verb or a verb but no noun and does not have a predicate, it is a phrase.

-        if there is a subject and a verb with a predicate, it is a clause.

Report Text

Whales

Whales are sea-living mammals. Therefore, they breathe air, but cannot survive on land. Some species are very large indeed and the blue whale, which can exceed 30 m in length, is the largest animal to have lived on earth.

Superficially, the whale looks like a fish, but there are important differences in its external structure: its tail consists of a pair of broad, flat, horizontal paddles (the tail of a fish is vertical) and it has a single nostril on top of its large, broad head. The skin is smooth and shinny, and beneath it lies a layer of fat (blubber). This is up to 30 cm in thickness and serves to converse heat and body fluids.

Descriptive Text

MY LAPTOP

My laptop is the answer of my needs. As a teacher, I have a lot of tasks such as making lessson plans, presentations, process my students values, etc. I need an equipment to support my carrier, so I decided to buy a laptop.

My laptop has a beautiful appearance. Its skin cover dominated by blue color. I covered its surface with a floral transparent screen protector, so its basic color can be seen. When you open it, you will see its screen, its keyboard and its touchpad.

My laptop completed by some outstanding facilities. They are; 2 GB DDR 3 RAM, 500 GB Hard disk, Intel Cire i3-2330 M, etc. It is also completed by webcam, bluetooth, and wireless LAN.

I can do many things with my laptop. Its very useful for me, so I’ll take care of it carefully.

Participle Exercise

PARTICIPLE EXERCISE

1.         The work .................computers requires well trained personnel.

a. involved    b. involve              c. involving          d. involves

2.         ............a few thousand dollars,  he went on a tour to Europe.

a. saved        b. he has saved       c. having saved     d. after he saves.

3.         .............her mistakes, the stewardess immediately apologized to the passenger.

   a. realized     b. realizes               c. realizing             d. she has realizes

4.         Being an outstanding student in our school, he has been offered a scholarship to study in Australia.

The underlined word mean..........of our school.

a. If he is an outstanding student.

b. Although he is an outstanding student.

c. When he is an outstanding student.

d. As he is an outstanding student.

5.         Having sent his letter of application,  ...........................

    a. The company was expected to get a quick reply.

    b. Bimo expected a quick reply.

    c. A quick reply was expected from the company.

    d. They expect the company to send a quick reply.

6.         The ......child ran to his mother when he heard the thunder.

    a. frightened

    b. frighten

    c. frightening

    d. being frightened

7.         the young man.......... by this institute are all university graduates.

    a. employ

    b. employed

    c. employing

    d. employs

8.         Painted at the beginning of the 19th century,......................

    a. the museum purchased it for its collection

    b. the art critics  considered it a clasic

    c. the people couldn't understand abstract art

    d. the painting was very valuable

9.         Constructed from 300 to 150 BC,................

    a. the pyramids were monumental tombs of Egyptian pharaohs.

    b. many tourist come from all over thye world to see thye world to see the pyramids.

    c. the Egyptian pharaohs were burried in the pyramids.

    d. the Egyptians buried their pharaohs in the monumental pyramids.

10.     One of the persons presenting a paper at the seminar yesterday was Mr. Anggito.

It means one of the persons ...... paper yesterday was Mr. Anggito.

      a. who is presenting

      b. who presenting

      c. who presented

      d. presented

Answer :

1.       C. involving

2.       C. having saved

3.       C. realizing

4.       D. As he is an outstanding student.

5.       B. Bimo expected a quick reply.

6.       C. frightening

7.       B. employed

8.       D. the painting was very valuable

9.       A. the pyramids were monumental tombs of Egyptian pharaohs.

10.   A. who is presenting

Participle

PARTICIPLE

A.       Meaning

A participle is a word formed from a verb which can be used as an adjective. They have some features of verbs and some of adjectives. But they are most basically a type of adjective.

e.g. The running contest is followed by many participants from all over Indonesia.

B.        Kinds

The two types of participles are :

1.      the present participle (ending ing)

example:   crying baby

dying persons

bleeding knees

2.      the past participle (usually ending -ed, -d, -t, -en, or -n)

example:   blessed people

painted frame

destroyed bridge

C.        Participle in the Form of Phrase

Example :   reading lady

studying students

flying kites

D.       Participle in the Form of Clause

Example :   Being dark, she was afraid to go home alone.

Winning the game, she cried happily.